1. J. S. Bruner cites Piaget’s experiment to explain stage of the development of thinking. “A baby drops a rattle through the bars of its crib. It stops for a moment, bring its hand up to its face and looks at its hand. Puzzled, I lets its arm fall and shaked the hands as if the rattle were still there; no sound. Its instigates its hand again.”

What is the name of this stage, according to Bruner?

2. Emotion is an acute disturbance of an individual, psychological in origin, involving behaviour, conscious experience and __________

3. Which of the following is correct sequence of Erickson’s stage of development?

1. Trust v/s Mistrust
2. Integrity v/s Despair
3. Industry v/s Inferiority
4. Autonomy v/s Shame and Doubt

4. Consider the following statements:

1. The newborn engages in babbling.
2. In comparative growth curve, females develops more rapidly than male.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

5. Consider the following statements:

1. Critics of Kohlberg claim that his theory reflects a culture bias.
2. Pragmatics is learning a new word.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

6. Which is not the principle of growth and development?

7. According to Erickson, on which stage children begin to attend to school, parents begin to make demands upon the children to lend their hands with household duties and have to complete with peers?

8. Assertion (A): Dysarthria is caused by weak speech muscles due to brain damage.
Reason (R): It leads to grammatical speech errors.

9. According to Chomsky, which of the following are true?
Language is learned solely by imitation.

Universal grammar exists.

Language Acquisition Device is inborn.

Critical period for language exists.

10. Match the following:

Column A
a) Dysarthria
b) Apraxia
c) Dyslexia
d) Dysprosody

Column B
i) Brain-based speech muscle weakness
ii) Inconsistent sound sequencing
iii) Reading and writing difficulty
iv) Loss of speech rhythm

11. Match the language theorists with their ideas:

Column A
a) Skinner
b) Chomsky
c) Vygotsky
d) Piaget

Column B
i) Reinforcement and Imitation
ii) Language Acquisition Device (LAD)
iii) Scaffolding and ZPD
iv) Thought before language

12. Which of the following are developmental tasks of early childhood (3–6 years)?
1. Learning to take solid food

2. Learning sex differences

3. Learning to distinguish right and wrong

4. Learning to read and write

13. Identify the correct statements about infancy (0–2 years):

1. Learning to walk and control bodily waste are major tasks.

2. Language learning begins at this stage.

3. Moral reasoning develops rapidly.

4. Emotional attachment is formed.

14. Which of the following is not a developmental task of adolescence?

15. Match the stages with their primary developmental tasks:

Stage
a) Infancy
b) Early childhood
c) Middle childhood
d) Adolescence

Task
i) Learning to take responsibility
ii) Learning to walk and talk
iii) Mastering skills in reading and writing
iv) Preparing for economic career

16. A 17-year-old seeks independence, questions family values, and chooses a career path. Which Eriksonian conflict best describes this?

17. In Kohlberg’s theory, the “Law and Order” stage falls under which level?

18. In the post-conventional level of Kohlberg’s theory, moral decisions are based on:

19. Daniel Goleman popularized Emotional Intelligence through his book titled:

20. Assertion (A): Emotional Intelligence includes managing relationships.

Reason (R): According to Goleman, social skills are critical to emotional intelligence.

21. According to Goleman, which of the following is a sign of low emotional intelligence?

22. A teacher who recognizes a student is upset, offers support, and helps them regulate their emotions is applying which element of Goleman’s Emotional Intelligence?

23. Assertion: Slow learners usually have average IQ but low academic achievement due to poor study habits and environmental factors.

Reason: Slow learners always have intellectual disability.

24. Assertion: Remedial teaching focuses on filling specific learning gaps diagnosed through assessment.

Reason: It therefore starts with enrichment activities to extend gifted learners.

25. CWSN may include:

1. Children with Specific Learning Disabilities

2. Children with Hearing Impairment

3. Gifted and Talented children

4. Economically weaker section only

26. Gifted learners usually need:

1. Faster pacing or acceleration

2. Depth and complexity (enrichment)

3. Strict uniform tasks for equality

4. Opportunities for mentorship

27. Match the learner type with a key need:

Column A
a) Slow learner
b) Late-bloomer
c) Gifted child
d) CWSN (LD)

Column B
i) Depth, complexity, mentorship
ii) More time & structured scaffolds
iii) Maturational support & patience
iv) Accommodations & remedial support

28. Match programme types to their focus:

Column A
a) Differentiated
b) Remedial
c) Mediated Learning
d) Enrichment

Column B
i) Fixing diagnosed gaps
ii) Mediator-driven cognitive modification
iii) Adjusting content, process, product, environment
iv) Depth, complexity, independent research

29. A child is misidentified as a slow learner, but later displays sharp growth without intensive intervention. Most likely, the child was a:

30. Which of the following is not a characteristic of mediated learning?

1. In Sternberg’s triarchic theory, the type of intelligence that involves the ability to think critically and analytically is called:

2. Projective measures, particularly inkblot tests, index which of the following?

3. Torrance used the term ‘creatively handicapped’ for whom?

4. Match List I with List II:

List I (Psychologist)
a) Binet and Simon
b) Terman
c) Thorndike
d) Eysenek

List II (Definition)
i) The power of good response from the perspective of truth or fact
ii) The capacity to judge, understand and reason well
iii) The capacity to form concepts and grasp their significance
iv) Error-free transmission of information through the cortex

5. Which intelligence test contained a formula for computing the Intelligence Quotient (IQ) for the first time?

6. Assertion (A): All creative children are children with exceptional intelligence.
Reason (R): Creativity generally involves an incubation period.

7. Mental Age is a measure of the ________

8. MClelland’s theory basically focuses on _______ needs, while Maslow’s theory focuses on _______ needs.

9. A teacher can foster interest in students by:

10. Assertion: Conflicts are integral part of life.
Reason (R): There are different stages of conflict.

11. Motives can be:

12. The author of hierarchical theory of motivation is:

13. In a typical 5-point Likert scale, the middle point represents:

14. Generally IQ score peaks at one of the following age:

15. The term ‘mental hygiene’ was first used by:

16. A common consequence of prolonged frustration is:

17. Conflict between two equally undesirable options is known as:

18. Adjustment can be best defined as:

19. Which of the following is not a defense mechanism?

20. Projection as a defense mechanism involves:

21. Which defense mechanism involves reverting to childlike behavior?

22. Who is considered the father of non-directive counselling?

23. Which approach encourages the individual to explore problems and find their own solutions?

24. The role of a school counsellor is to:

25. Eclectic counselling is a combination of:

26. Guidance is considered a _______ process.

27. Dyslexia mainly affects a child’s ability to:

28. Dyscalculia refers to a learning difficulty in:

29. A student who has difficulty copying from the board and poor pencil grip may have:

30. Students with dyslexia may confuse letters such as:

1. Formative evaluation is primarily used for:

2. Which evaluation is done at the end of a term to judge achievement?

3. Norm-referenced tests compare performance:

4. In educational evaluation, CCE stands for:

5. A diagnostic test is used to:

6. A prognostic test aims to:

7. Non-scholastic areas do NOT include:

8. Match the following:
LIST I

a) Observation
b) Portfolio
c) Rubrics
d) Rating scales

LIST II

i) Collection of learner’s work
ii) Structured criteria for scoring
iii) Watching and recording behaviour
iv) Numerical assessment of performance

9. Which tool for assessment gives a descriptive profile rather than a numerical score?

10. The first step in preparing a blue print is:

11. Which principle is MOST important in question paper construction?

12. Item analysis includes:

13. The index of difficulty shows:

14. If a science test gives different scores for the same student when administered twice under the same conditions, it lacks:

15. In a multiple-choice question paper, including ambiguous questions affects:

16. If a mathematics test consistently gives high scores to students good in English, it lacks:

17. Assertion (A): Criterion-referenced tests are useful for mastery learning.
Reason (R): They measure performance against predetermined standards.

18. In item analysis, a discrimination index close to zero means:

19. During test construction, which comes first?

20. A checklist is different from a rating scale because it:

21. An oral interview to assess fluency in language is a:

22. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a good test?

23. A test in which 70% students answer correctly will have:

24. Which evaluation helps in modifying instructional strategies during teaching?

25. Match the following:
a) Reliability – i) Accuracy
b) Validity – ii) Consistency
c) Objectivity – iii) Freedom from examiner’s bias

26. If a blue print allocates 40% marks to “application” but the paper contains only 15% such items, which principle is violated?

27. In item analysis, the difficulty index is calculated as:

28. An item with difficulty index 0.95 should be:

29. Which is the MOST appropriate sequence for test development?

30. An achievement test administered to multiple batches over years under identical conditions is an example of: