Theories of Learning

1. Which of the following should be preceded by a neural stimulus by a few seconds if classical conditioning has to take place?

2. ____________ theory advocates that understanding the map making rather than holding up S-R connections

3. _________ theory has made learning an intelligent task requiring mental abilities instead of mind fumbling and automatic responses to specific stimuli

4. _________ popularized teaching machines in learning

5. ___________ principle states that “what was being done in the past in the presence of a set of stimuli will tend to be done next when the stimulus combination occurs”.

6. In the operant conditioning theory ____________ means that other stimuli similar to one used in training may take on the power to produce the response.

7. “ Sudden grasping of the solution or a flash of understanding” – refers which type of learning?

8. In learning, comparison of success to reward or failure to punishment is based on _______

9. Which of the following best describes operant conditioning?

10. What does B.F. Skinner’s theory of operant conditioning emphasize as a means of shaping behavior?

11. In social learning theory, what is “vicarious reinforcement”?

12. According to Thorndike’s Law of Effect, which of the following behaviors is most likely to be repeated?

13. In Skinner’s operant conditioning, which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement?

14. Who developed the Drive Theory of learning and motivation?

15. Which concept from Hull’s theory refers to the learned association between a stimulus and a response?

16. According to Hebb’s theory, learning occurs through the strengthening of synaptic connections between neurons due to ______

17. Hebb’s theory is most closely associated with which of the following processes?

18. According to Bandura, which of the following is the correct sequence of processes involved in observation learning?

19. Arjun gets annoyed when his mother nags him to do his homework. When he finally does it, his mother stops nagging. Now he does the homework without any nagging. Here ‘nagging’ has served as a:

20. Match the following
List I (Principles) List II (Given by)
a) Schedules of Reinforcement – (1) EL Thorndike
b) Modeling – (2) A Bandura
c) Conditioning – (3) BF Skinner
d) Law of effect – (4) Ivan Pavlov

21. Assertion (A): Classical conditioning entails the learning of new behaviour through association, where two stimuli are linked together to produce a new learned response.
Reason (R): There are four basic components of a classical conditioning process (unconditioned stimuli, conditioned stimuli, unconditioned response and conditioned response).

22. Assertion (A): In operant conditioning, the rat presses the bar spontaneously.
Reason (R): Shaping is a procedure in which rewards gradually guide an animal’s behaviour toward a desired goal.

23. Which one is not correct about classical conditioning?
(a) Classical conditioning is also known as respondent conditioning.
(b) A previously natural stimulus comes to elicit a response after it is paired with a stimulus that automatically elicits that response.
(c) It is based on the fact that certain stimuli automatically elicit certain response without learning.
(d) Classical Conditioning is also known as Instrumental Conditioning.
(e) In Classical conditioning there is no association between stimulus and response.

24. In Lewin’s Field Theory, the term “Life Space” refers to:

25. Tolman’s theory suggests that when animals navigate an environment, they form _______

26.________ developed his theory of identical elements to explain transfer of learning.

27. Which one of the following is not a Gesalt determinant of perceptual grouping?

28. In Gagne’s hierarchy learning has been divided into ________

29. Which of the laws of learning given by Thorndike had to be revised?

30. Hebb’s Neurophysiological theory of learning is also called _____